“Just Walk on By Black Men and Public Space” by Brent...

In Brent Staples’ Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space, Staples describes the issues, stereotypes, and criticisms he faces being a black man in public surroundings. Staples initiates his perspective by introducing the audience in to thinking he is committing a crime, but eventually reveals how the actions taken towards him are because of the fear linked to his labelled stereotypes of being rapists, gangsters and muggers. Staples continues to unfold the audience from a 20 year old experience and sheds light onto how regardless of proving his survival compared to the other stereotypical blacks with his education levels and work ethics being in the modern era, he is still in the same plight. Although Staples relates such burdens†¦show more content†¦Staples talks about a black male journalist who, while writing a report about a murderer that was from a town in Illinois, was held at gun point by police authorities assuming he was the killer because of a call made b y the public’s perception. Staples went through false assumptions daily. Likewise, the women set their faces on neutral... [and] forg[ed] ahead as though bracing themselves against being tackled. (Staples 384) and the â€Å"thunking† of door locks as he crossed the streets didnt make that stereotype any less of a hurt. He came through to explain how over the years he learned to smother the rage [he] felt so often [of] being taken for a criminal; ultimately he had to mend his ways and initiates ways of being out looked from those labels. A strong argument for the false stereotypes of all black men being involved in criminal and sexual acts is displayed by Ulrich Boser in The Black Mans Burden. Boser writes about how nine African American boys were falsely accused of raping two white females in March of 1931. Regardless of no signs of a rape taking place confirmed by doctors and the obviously poor work of the defending lawyer for the accused, the case continued and ended up sentencing the boys to jail. After they suffered years of torture, they were eventually released upon one of theShow MoreRelatedJust Walk On By Black Men And Public Space By Brent Staples1433 Words   |  6 PagesJust walk on by Black Men and Public Space by Brent Staples is an interesting and captivating piece of writing. His publication captures one s interest and makes a person think about the role of prejudice in his or her daily interactions. It is full of metaphors, which achieves the desired figurative effect. The Declaration of Independence, on the other hand, is the founding document of the traditions of the politics of the United States (Lucas). It clearly explains the fundamental ideas that constituteRead MoreJust Walk On By : Black Men And Public Space By Brent Staples1067 Words   |  5 PagesBrent Staples is an author and editorial writer for the New York Times. His writing is mostly on political issues, cultural issues and controversies including races. In one o f his essay written in 1986 which was published in Ms. Magazine â€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space,† Brent Staples explains about his personal experience being black in an American society. Author wants his reader to understand that we are living in a culture with is constantly becoming violent and dangerous. StaplesRead MoreJust Walk On By Brent Staples Analysis740 Words   |  3 Pagesmost public sidewalks, stores, and churches are open to all sorts of people, certain types of individuals are treated like outcasts because of their race. In â€Å"Just Walk On By,† Brent Staples explains how his presence makes others scared and uncomfortable because of the assumptions put on black men. Staples tries various tactics, such as whistling and walking faster, in order to deal the way others act towards him. Staples isnt the only one to experience the power of altering public spaces. At theRead MoreAnalysis Of Brent Staples s Black Men Of Public Spaces And I ssa Rae The Struggle1237 Words   |  5 PagesWriting 30 October 2017 Comparison Analysis of Brent Staples’s â€Å"Black Men in Public Spaces† and Issa Rae â€Å"The Struggle† Staple’s â€Å"Black Men in Public Spaces† and Rae’s â€Å"The Struggle† address misperceptions with ethnicity. Staples and Rae share similar circumstances making it easy to understand each viewpoint. Culture settings and gender define the authors’ differences. Both essays give the readers different perceptions of African Americans’ lives. Staples starts the essay writing about how his skinRead MoreJust Walk on by: Black Man in Public Space Essay example988 Words   |  4 PagesSmith English 3 20 February 2013 Just Walk on By: Black Man in Public Space Brent Staples, author of â€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Man in Public Space.† discusses when the white woman he comes across one day late at night was constantly turning back as if she feared him for the way he looked. Brent highlights racism that has occurred to him during the 1970s. This encounter happened in an impoverished part of Chicago; he describes himself as a â€Å"youngish black man--a broad six feet two inches withRead MoreWalk On By Brent Staples1194 Words   |  5 Pages Summary â€Å"Just walk on by† Brent Staples article was originally found in Ms. Magazine in 1986, title â€Å"Just Walk On by.† He then published articles in Harper’s a year later with a new title â€Å"Just Walk on by: Black Men and Public Space.† Brent Staples found himself being judged against during the 1970. Unfortunately, when he walked down the street he would find himself being judge on his race and his clothes that he had on. As a result, Staples would walk behind people to close and they would getRead MoreThe Rise Of Awareness Of Police Brutality Towards Black Males965 Words   |  4 Pagespolice brutality towards black males in America, it is clearly evident that black people are treated differently especially in terms of racial profiling. According to analysis by New York Civil Liberties Union, in 2013 83% of the people stopped in New York for a frisk and search were black or Hispanic with only 12% being white and of all the people stopped 81% were completely innocent. Racial pr ofiling causing an uneasiness to those who are victims of it, for Brent Staples it resulted in him changingRead MoreJust Walk On By Brent Staples Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesIn his essay, Just Walk on By Brent Staples explains how throughout his life, it is hard being a black man without having others discriminate against him because he is a tall, black man who works as a journalist in a predominantly white field. In Ta-Nehisi Coates book Between the World and Me Coates is addressing his son about the truth of being black in a society that is inherently races and the constructed stereotypes on them by those in power. Both Coates and Staples agree on the fact thatRead MoreBlack Men and Public Space841 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Men and Public Space Essay In Brent Staples’ personal essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, he tells the readers what happen to a young black man in an urban setting. He pinpointed that people often stereotype you because of color, race, gender, culture or appearance. In addition, the author expresses to us that he notices the space between him and other people, such as women on the street. Some people may disagree that women set a certain amount of space when walking by a black man on theRead MoreYoung Black Male850 Words   |  4 PagesSummary of Black Men and Public Space Staples Brent in â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† described the difficulties that a young black male may encounter during his ordinary life. It is explained that, even if you are a well-educated citizen, but you are a black man—more than six feet height with a not shaved face—you could face unfair prejudice and judgment all the time in street. At the very beginning of the article Brent start with â€Å"My first victim was a woman—white, well-dressed, probably in her

The Natural by Bernard Malamud - 1204 Words

In the story, The Natural, certain characters and events are portrayed in a distinctive way that makes this story unique to other books and shows the typical writing style of the narrator. The author uses a repetitive writing technique that is impossible to overlook. The writer of this book is able to catch the reader’s eye with his concept of the importance of beautiful description. The Natural, by Bernard Malamud, uses great imagery that makes the story appealing. In the beginning of The Natural, Roy Hobbs is a young man who has his whole life ahead of him. He is being picked up by a scout and is looking forward to a career in the major leagues. Malamud shows imagery in the story to highlight turning points and moments that have†¦show more content†¦The author writes, â€Å"As Roy trotted out to left, Otto Zipp was in his usual seat but looking worn and aged. His face, tilted to the warming rays of the sun, was like a pancake with a cherry nose, and tears were streaming through slits where the eyes would be† (61). This description shows the reaction of Bump’s biggest fan Otto. Otto is upset that Roy is now playing in Bump’s position, due to Bump’s recent injury. Malamud illustrates the physical and emotional toll Roy’s presence takes on the fans. Visual imagery is imperative in describing the awestruck crowd. Malamud continues his use of imagery when writing about the dying little boy whose wish is for Roy to hit a homerun for him. The narrator says â€Å"The ball shot through Toomey’s astounded legs and began to climb. The second baseman, laying back on the grass on a hunch, stabbed high for it but it leaped over his straining fingers, sailed through the light and up into the dark, like a white star seeking an old constellation† (114). The visual imagery is clearly vital in describing the event that fulfilled a boy’s wish. The imagery adds the magical and coincidental factor to the homerun. The hit would not as important to Roy’s career without this use of visual imagery. Malamud also uses imagery to show relationships between characters. This use of imagery is the most noticeable part of his writing that contains appealing imagery. The author states, â€Å"She walk out ofShow MoreRelatedThe Natural By Bernard Malamud1543 Words   |  7 Pages In The Natural by Bernard Malamud, Malamud displays the magnitude of how an individual’s decisions can influence their life. Malamud’s main protagonist, Roy Hobbs, is the leading example of this idea, as Hobbs continually faces both his internal struggles stemming from his desire for success, and external struggles attributed to his roller-coaster of a professional baseball career. Malamud uses Hobbs and the sport of baseball as a metaphor for typical American life by depicting Hobbs’ strugglesRead MoreRoy Hobbs: The Tragic Hero in â€Å"The Natural† by Bernard Malamud1750 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the figure of Roy Hobbs as a tragic hero. To what extent do his own flaws lead him to his fate? Does he display a kind of hubris like the characters in a Greek tragedy? Does he learn from his mistakes? The book â€Å"The Natural† talks mostly about the heroic acts of Roy Hobbs, his strength of not giving up his wish. The book is basically about the characters flaws that lead him to his fate. Hobbs wish was to become one of the most popular baseball players ever existed in history. He wanted toRead MoreRepeating Multiple Mistakes in the Novel, The Natural by Bernard Malamud607 Words   |  2 PagesThe novel, The Natural, is full of cycles and the main character, Roy Hobbs, keep on repeating his mistakes from the past, allowing the same thing to happen multiple times in his life. Although Roy is gifted and talented, he also has flaws that prevent him from succeeding. Malamud is trying to say that human doesn’t recognize their potential and how to take advantage of it until it’s too late and what prevents us from recognizing and reaching our full potential are corruption, human flaws and destinyRead MoreThe Natural By Bernard Malamud And The Great Gatsby By F. Sc ott Fitzgerald2483 Words   |  10 Pagesstrengths and diverse shortcomings. When comparing two people, parallels can be drawn between them, but crucial dissimilarities will be highlighted as well during the process. Such is the case when it comes to analyzing the protagonists of The Natural by Bernard Malamud and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Both Roy Hobbs and Jay Gatsby, the main characters of the two books respectively, are driven by money and their lust for women, and these factors lead to their eventual downfall; however, theirRead MoreThe Effects of Harriet Bird, Memo Paris, and Iris Lemon in the Natural by Bernard Malamud.1766 Words   |  8 PagesIn The Natural by Bernard Malamud, the main character, Roy Hobbs joins the New York Knights with an uncontrollable desire to be the best, at first in baseball, but later on in other aspects of his life. Roy is unable to control his appetites, one of them being for women. Roy is considerably influenced not by stereotypi cal fatherly figures, but rather women, namely Harriet Bird, Memo Paris, and Iris Lemon. While Harriet and Memo are not positive influences, and only wishes ill of Roy, Iris certainlyRead More Symbolism in Bernard Malamuds The Natural Essay2422 Words   |  10 PagesSymbolism in Bernard Malamuds The Natural   Ã‚   The role of symbolism in Bernard Malamuds The Natural is important in helping the reader understand the theme and meaning of the novel as well as the time period in which it took place.   Malamud ¡Ã‚ ¦s use of symbolism defines the character of Roy Hobbs and shows how the events occurring around him affected his decisions and, eventually, his career.   Ã‚   Symbolism in The Natural takes the form of characters, such as women who strongly influenced Roy;Read MoreEssay about The Natural1349 Words   |  6 PagesBernard Malamud was brought up in the mid 1900s, a time period when baseball played a huge role in the lives of many Americans. Americans loved baseball because it gave them a chance to stop working and simply relax while they cheered on their favorite team. It was a time when people played baseball solely for the love of the game and the thrill of hearing the fans cheer for them. Today, however, baseball is much more corrupt, and many athletes are only in it due to their own greed and selfishnessRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Natural1682 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Natural Many people believe that material things will bring you peace and happiness. That is not always that case though.Everyone at some point in their life had gone through something that they thought would have a major positive impact on their life, but ultimately, it affected them very negatively. These can include anything from money, to power, even to women. Bernard Malamud explains these example in his book, The Natural, with his character, Roy Hobbs. Roy is the KnightsRead MoreA Jew Of Gentiles By Mark Twain4267 Words   |  18 Pagesaudiences to see the Jews as one of two opposites: heroic survivors or the emotionally debilitated. Both disregard the raw emotion of the Jewish culture, that which Bernard Malamud would later prove universal. Furthermore, the critical tendency to categorize twentieth-century American authors by ethnically-oriented labels has done Malamud a great injustice, as the restrictive â€Å"Jewish writer† label causes audiences to read his works from a na rrow outlook by the nature of the appellation. Admittedly,Read MoreThe Characters Of Arthurian Hero In Bernard Mallamuds The Natural1194 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican novelist and author of The Natural Bernard Malamud once said, â€Å"Without heroes, we are all plain people and dont know how far we can go† (Brainy Quote). The Natural features a young baseball phenom named Roy Hobbs as the story’s hero. His journey to become an aspiring baseball player for the Chicago Cubs is cut short as he meets multiple enemies that bring his dream to a halt. Later in his career, Roy returns to baseball as a player for the New York Knights where he encounters even more

The Formal Education System Of Pakistan Education Essay Free Essays

string(28) " quality of private sector\." Education is the run manner of scholar on where he can confront the challenges of the universe every bit good as the society. It plays a critical function to put moral, societal and economic criterions of any state and has a really strong consequence on ideas, believes and planning of future constabularies of a state. Education is a state edifice and globally inter-related activity that unlocks the door to modernisation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Formal Education System Of Pakistan Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Education is the right of every kid and it is the duty of the State to supply educational installations to each and every kid. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 ( as cited in National Education Policy, 1998-2010 ) provinces, â€Å" Everyone has the right to instruction † . The quality instruction is a necessary and inevitable agent for alteration as instruction is a procedure of civilisation and development. Recent grounds of a significant nexus between quality of schooling and single productiveness suggests that, from an economic efficiency position, quality facets of instruction deserve attending. Harmonizing to the Imran ( 2011 ) , the construct of quality in every field is complex in nature, elements, constituents, and in every regard. Quality is the most respectable but the slipperiest term in the field of instruction. Sometimes it is used in appraising sense, for illustration as a graduated table of goodness. Sometimes it is implied to seek some alone features. The quality in instruction refers to the criterion of direction, educational installations, course of study, methods of instruction, pupils, exanimation system, learning staff etc. Secondary instruction holds cardinal place in an educational system of every state, as it is a terminal phase for most of pupils and it besides serves as a linkage between simple phase and higher instruction. As it provides input for higher instruction and hence quality of higher instruction is dependent upon secondary instruction ( AIOU, 1997 ) . Secondary instruction ( IXXII ) is an of import sub-sector of the full educational system. It provides the in-between degree work force for the economic system on one manus and on the other it acts as a feeder for the higher degree of instruction. Higher instruction, which produces quality professionals in different Fieldss, is based on the quality of secondary instruction. Therefore, this degree of instruction demands to be revamped in such a manner that it may fix immature work forces and adult females for the chase of higher instruction every bit good as may besides fix them to set in their practical lives meaningfully and fruitfully ( GOP, 1998 ) Developed states have economic and political stability due to their organized construction for instruction. On the other manus, quality of instruction is hapless at all degrees in developing and under developed states. Developing states like Pakistan need proper alterations in their educational systems harmonizing to the demands of their society and to accomplish their national aims. The criterion of instruction or quality of instruction is really low in Pakistan. Without bettering quality of instruction, we can non maintain gait with the modern epoch. Keeping this issue in position it was the demand of the twenty-four hours to compare the quality of secondary school instruction in public and in private managed schools to the factual place. Iqbal ( 1987 ) reported that pupils in developing states have a low average degree of accomplishment compared to industrial states and their public presentation shows a much greater fluctuation around the mean. Harmonizing to a study of the World Bank ( 1999 ) , the chief things which authoritiess can make to better the quality of instruction are puting criterions, back uping inputs to better, accomplishments, following flexible schemes for the acquisition and usage of inputs, and supervising public presentation. By and large the stairss are non taken because of the weight of the bing instruction hurrying and direction patterns. Learning procedure requires five inputs: the pupil with larning capableness, capable or information to be transferred, teacher holding bid on the topic, clip for acquisition, and tools for learning and acquisition. Secondary instruction holds a cardinal place as it is the terminal phase for the bulk of pupils. The largest figure of educated work force in Pakistan is available at this phase. The economic experts believe the secondary instruction to be a anchor of the economic system while the sociologists consider it is an effectual arm of societal reforms. It can be said that the secondary instruction is strongly related with the economic advancement and societal public assistance of the state ( Ali, 1970 ) . Two chief sectors working side by side in the field of secondary instruction are private and authorities sector in Pakistan. National Education Policy ( 1979 ) identified that private sector plays an of import function in the development of instruction in a state. It helps both in the qualitative betterment and enlargement. Private sector bears a good trade of outgos burden on this of import societal cause even in the most advanced states. In a state like Pakistan where the population growing rate is about 3 per centum, yearly and merely approximately 20 per centum of the bing kids are in the secondary schools, the support of the private sector is severely needed to portion this immense load. Government entirely can non construct and run all the schools required for this intent Aims of the survey This survey seeks to compare the quality of instruction of public and private schools of Gujranwala and the aims of survey were as: To compare the consequences of their pupils who appeared in boards ‘ scrutiny. To compare the quality of instruction in footings of physical installations and substructure qualities. To compare the ability of instructors. To compare their fee and salary construction. To compare their educational procedures. Significance of the survey Quality instruction includes iˆ Learners, Environments, Content, Processes and Outcomes ( UNICEF, 2000 ) . Government sector is unable to suit the demands of quickly turning population. No 1 can deny the importance of private sector. Different surveies have highlighted the lacking quality of private sector. You read "The Formal Education System Of Pakistan Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" This survey endeavors to place the quality of larning environment and substructure in public and private schools. The consequences of this survey will be huge aid to the parents, pupils and general populace in the designation of the quality of public and private schools. This survey will besides be imperative for contrivers and policy shapers to heighten the quality of instruction and supply footing for reforms in instruction to get the better of all failings of public and private schools by integrating all the superior facets of both sectors. Problem statement The research worker aims to pull the comparing the criterions of public and private secondary schools of Gujranwala in footings of quality of instruction. Research Questions or Hypothesis Q1: How can we compare quality of instruction in footings of quality of physical installations and substructure? Q2: What is the difference of fee construction of public and private schools? Q3: What is the difference of salary bundle of the instructors of public and private schools? Q4: What is the difference of making of instructors of public and private schools? Q 5: What is the difference of difference of occupation term of office of public and private schools? Q6: What is the difference of making of principals of public and private schools? Q7: What is the difference of professional making of instructors and principals of public and private schools? Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW In this chapter, a elaborate reappraisal of accessible literature on the quality of secondary instruction in Pakistan has been presented along with a critical reappraisal of the related research has besides been presented at the terminal. Role of Education Education is a powerful drive force which drives mental, physical, ideological and moral readying of an person, so at the same clip it ease them to hold full consciousness of an instrument for their religious development along with the material fulfilment of human existences. With- in the context of Islamic – perceptual experience, instruction is an instrument for developing the attitude of persons in conformity with the value of righteousness which helps to construct a sound Islamic society ( Govt. of Pakistan, 1998 ) . Education plays an of import function in human resource development as it increases the end product, competency of persons and produces adept work force that is capable of taking the economic development. Importance of Education for human resource development does non necessitate any justification. The developed states give highest precedence to instruction ; same is the instance with the developing states. The fundamental law of Pakistan defines instruction as one of the cardinal rights of a citizen every bit good as constitutional committedness of the authorities accepts to supply entree to instruction to every citizen ( Govt. of Pakistan, 2000 ) . Formal Education System of Pakistan â€Å" The Government of Pakistan shall supply free and mandatory instruction to maximal kids of the province. It might be determined by jurisprudence. † ( Govt. of Pakistan, 1972 ) . The intent of instruction is to extinguish the poorness and to better the societal behaviour. Education enhances the societal and ethical development. In formal instruction system, there are figure of phases. Pre-schooling The age-group for the pre-schooling is 3 to 5 old ages ( before one category, in Public schools Kachi category and in private schools. Play group /nursery/ homework ) . Primary Schooling The age-group for primary is 5 to 9 old ages ( Class 1 to 5 ) . Middle Schooling The age-group is 10 to 12years ( Class 6 to 8 ) . Secondary Education Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education [ BISE ] conducts the scrutiny ( Class 9 A ; 10 ) . Higher Secondary/Intermediate Education BISE awards the certification of Higher Secondary School Education ( HSSC ) ( Class 11 A ; 12 ) . Higher Education Four old ages instruction after Higher Secondary Education is considered as higher instruction. Two old ages for Bachelor ‘s grade and farther 2 old ages for Master ‘s grade. BS awards is besides equal to this grade. M. Phil and PhD plans are besides farther promotion after the completion of maestro grade. Academy of Educational Planning and Management ( 2010-11 ) reported the elaborate analysis of instruction system in Pakistan. Beginning: Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Govt. of Pakistan ( 2010 ) Figure 2.1: Structure of instruction Sector in Pakistan Education system of Pakistan is comprised of 270,825 establishments and is easing 40,926,661 pupils with the aid of 1,507,100 instructors. The system is composed of 194,151 public establishments and 76,674 private establishments. The public sector is functioning 26.63 million pupils to finish their instruction while the staying 13.96 million pupils are in private sector of instruction ( AEPM, 2010-11 ) . Importance of Secondary Education It is a true fact that fate of a state is shaped in the schoolrooms which implies that instruction is the chief beginning of advancement and development. It can be said without any vacillation that instruction can be largely responsible for the hereafter of Pakistan. Through instruction, state edifice procedure for the hereafter citizens of the state can take topographic point. As shortly the instruction molds pupils, state will be molded. From this point of position, a batch of duties lie with the educationalist for quality instruction. Therefore, the instruction must be qualitative so that the pupils may develop necessary cognition, attitude and accomplishments to execute their responsibilities efficaciously. It is in this context that quality instruction becomes the most of import component to heighten the quality of life in any state. It is so worthwhile to raise some issues in this respect and think of their solution ( AEPM, 2010-11 ) . In the earlier period of Pakistan, the highest precedences were literacy and numeracy in the schools. But subsequently, personal growing with the communicating accomplishment, accomplishment for societal life, problem-solving accomplishment and co-ordination of physical and mental accomplishments got attending and importance by the society. Schools contribute its function in a vivacious manner through the course of study. Secondary schools develop the ability of logical thinking, proper usage of linguistic communication, societal and emotional stability in the pupils. Secondary instruction plays a major function to bring forth realistic and adept pupils. Secondary instruction in all over the universe recognized as an of import degree. The quality of higher instruction is depended upon the quality of this phase. This is the important age of adolescence for young person ( AEPM, 2010-11 ) . In Italy higher secondary schools ware called â€Å" tribunal schools † . In England these types of schools were named â€Å" Grammar Schools † in1510.In USA foremost junior â€Å" Inter montage † came into being in California in 1907. In Pakistan, secondary instruction consists of four categories IX to XII. These are called secondary and higher secondary. In Pakistan higher secondary schools were established in 1954-55 ( Shahzad, 2007 ) . Harmonizing to the National Education Policy ( 1979 ) , the instruction system consists of three degrees as: Elementary Education: I to VIII Secondary Education: IX to XII Higher Education: Thirteen and so on ( Govt. of Pakistan, 1979 ) . Five Year Plans and Secondary Education Eight Five Old ages programs were presented by Government of Pakistan for the improvement of instruction in Pakistan. The First Five-Year Plan ( 1955-60 ) Harmonizing to the First Five-Year Plan ( 1955-60 ) , the chief aims of secondary instruction were to present diversified classs in commercialism, agribusiness and proficient topics, to better the quality and to increase the figure of secondary schools. With the aid of repeat of history and political orientation of Pakistan, character edifice can be possible at secondary degree. Mathematicss and scientific discipline are mandatory topics for person ‘s calling. 15 schools will be upgraded to high degree. 75 new public schools will be opened. Grants-in-aid will be given to 100 privateschools.500 center and 100 high schools will be improved by adding scientific discipline classs. Registration in high schools increased from 0.109 million in 1955 to 0.149 million in 1960 ( Memon, 1986 ) .In this program the more accent on the measure instead than quality. The Second Five Year Plan ( 1960-65 ) The chief aims of the 2nd five twelvemonth program are integrating of in-between categories in higher secondary schools, variegation of classs, counsel coders, gap of residential schools, and increase of registration of secondary instruction ( Iqbal, 1993 ) . During the Plan 160 high schools were opened with all physical installations. 103 in-between schools were up-graded to high schools. Harmonizing to Hussain ( 2003 ) , â€Å" the plan for secondary instruction proposed in the program will increase the registration by 430.000 pupils at this degree. † The program shapers emphasized on measure merely and cipher was concerned about the quality of instruction provided to the pupils. The Third Five-Year Plan ( 1965-70 ) Iqbal ( 1993 ) defines the aims of the 3rd five twelvemonth program. The chief aims of secondary instruction are in-between phase would be mandatory, development of educational installations, upgrading of in-between schools to high schools, accent on scientific discipline and mathematics, to bring forth adept state, and alter the course of study from general instruction to development of agricultural, commercial and administrative accomplishments. Policy shaper did non concentrate the quality of instruction. Student ‘s registration was the Centre of attending. Non- Plan Period ( 1970-78 ) Harmonizing to the Iqbal ( 1993 ) that during non-plan period, the chief aims of secondary instruction were to contract down the difference between schools with the aid of comprehensive course of study, to accomplish an registration ratio of 40:60 between scientific discipline and humanistic disciplines programmes and consolidation of go outing secondary schools. Harmonizing to Govt. of Pakistan ( 1970 ) , â€Å" At the high phase ( Class IX and X ) registration is proposed to be increased by: 35 million against an registration of 77 million at the terminal of 3rd Plan. † Fifth Five-Year Plan ( 1978-83 ) The 5th program is really of import in the respect of secondary instruction. There was a outstanding alteration in instruction of measure to quality. Curricula reform aimed at add-on of occupation orient preparation in secondary instruction. 195 Science research labs were constructed. The program provides the agro- proficient classs in 874 schools ( Memon, 1986 ) . Care and betterment of installations in all secondary schools would be mandatory. Although the necessity and importance of secondary instruction was accepted in all stakeholders, but subsequently decision makers neglected the said steps. The Sixth Five-Year Plan ( 1983-88 ) Education is really necessary for the development of a society. Without instruction, no 1 has of all time been uplift himself and ne’er assist supply economically benefits to his state. In harmonizing to 6th program Mathematics, Urdu, Islamiyat, Pakistan Studies and Science topics were the mandatory topics. Particular focal point on mathematics and scientific discipline was indispensable for all pupils at secondary instruction ( Govt. of Pakistan, 1983 ) . Measure of high schools would be increased to 5530 and 1073 in-between schools to be up-graded ( Memon, 1986 ) . The Seventh Five-Year Plan ( 1988-93 ) The instruction system suffers from critical status. Forty per centum of the kids do non hold entree to instruction. Harmonizing to Govt. of Pakistan ( 1988 ) , â€Å" The 7th program scheme was to increase the literacy rate through betterment and enlargement of primary instruction every bit good as to actuate the private sector to play an active function. While it was estimated that the literacy rate will lift to about 40 per centum by 1992-93, the substructure created during the 7th program was expected to give a literacy rate of 80 per centum by terminal of the century. † The 7th program will be spread out the secondary instruction installations. The course of study at secondary degree will be changed. For the betterment of quality of instruction in secondary schools, Bachelor of Education ( B.Ed. ) grade holder instructors will be appointed. A little inn for pupils will be provided to secondary schools. One theoretical account school for male childs and one for misss will be launched in each territory for the betterment of quality ( Hussain, 2003 ) . Eighth Five Year Plan ( 1993-98 ) Education is cardinal right of every kid. To carry through the demand of measure, schools ignored the quality and a big figure of educational establishments were opened without proper substructure. Harmonizing to Govt. of Pakistan ( 1993 ) , â€Å" Facilities for secondary instruction will be extended to absorb the increased end product from primary schools. For this intent, about 2.4 million extra seats in categories VI to X will be created by upgrading primary and in-between schools, set uping new high schools and adding schoolrooms in the bing schools. Construction of extra schoolrooms and betterment of the bing edifices of schools will besides be carried out. In urban countries, 2nd displacement will be introduced in secondary schools wherever executable. † Private sector will be appreciated for the partnership to raise the registration at the secondary degree. Curriculum will be revised for better quality. Science laboratories will be provided with better-trained instructors ( Govt. of Pakistan, 1993 ) . Hussain ( 2003 ) evaluated that â€Å" The 8th national five twelvemonth program will promote in spread of quality educational establishments to the distant countries of the state. Till the terminal of the Eighth program, each territory will hold a theoretical account school for male childs and each division will hold such an establishment for misss in the populace or private sector. Private sector will be encouraged to set up the quality instruction establishments. Government will set up theoretical account schools merely in territories where such establishments do non be under public or private sector † National Education Policies in Pakistan Secondary instruction was discussed in all National Policies of Pakistan. Report of Commission on National Education ( 1959 ) On 30th December, 1958 the Government of Pakistan appointed a committee. The map of this committee is to analyse all the old studies and all on-going educational motions of the state. The committee recognized secondary instruction as a separate academic unit. The committee besides suggested that the secondary instruction should be divided into three phases ( 6 to 12 ) . Urdu, scientific discipline and mathematics should be taught as mandatory topics. Consequences should be complied on the public presentation of the pupils. Science labs and libraries should be provided in all secondary schools ( Govt. of Pakistan, 1959 ) . The Education Policy ( 1972-1980 ) On 15th March, 1972 the president of Pakistan Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto presented the Educational policy 1972-1980. He expressed that the instruction system was rendered by the pick of the harvest in Pakistan. The authorities allocated really low budget for the instruction. The intent of instruction should bring forth the state with spiritual positions, traditions and civilization. Education system divided into four phases of primary secondary, college and university. Harmonizing to Memon ( 1986 ) , â€Å" Secondary Education should non be abstract enterprise but must associate to the employment chances. The secondary instruction may supply for progressive integrating of general and proficient instruction. The registration in humanistic disciplines topics may be restricted to the bing degree and important addition should be made in scientific discipline and agro proficient instruction † National Education Policy, 1979 Secondary instruction was recognized as a terminal phase of pupils in the National Education Policy, 1979. The quality of higher instruction is based on the quality of secondary instruction. Elementary, secondary and university instruction are three degrees of Pakistan ‘s instruction system s. Physical installations such as scientific discipline labs, and libraries would be provided to the secondary schools. Curriculum should be upgraded. Mathematicss would be mandatory capable. One 1000 center schools will be upgraded to high schools and 200 new schools would be opened. New instructors would be appointed ( Ghaffar, 2003 ) . Board of Intermediate and Secondary would be held the scrutiny system at secondary degree. Estimated needed budget was Rs. 8,073 million for secondary instruction ( Govt. of Pakistan, 1979 ) . National Education Policy 1998-2010 In the position of National Education Policy 1998-2010, secondary instruction has played important function in the whole instruction system. It enhances the work force for the economic system and bring forth feeder the higher degrees of instruction. The quality of higher instruction is based upon the quality of secondary instruction ( Govt. of Pakistan, 1998 ) . The policy shapers had pointed out some failing in the secondary instruction such as: No attractive force for the investor. Unplanned enlargement and irrational distribution of schools. Being of scientific discipline and mathematics instructors had non been valued. Technical and vocational instruction at secondary degree remained a controversial issue. Physical installations and text editions were deficient. The undermentioned stairss were identified in the policy for the accomplishment of the aims of secondary instruction in the state: New theoretical account secondary school would be opened. Definite career at secondary degree would be introduced. Revision of course of study would be compulsory. Multiple text books would be introduced at secondary degree. In-service and pre-service instructors developing programmes would be arranged. Project method of learning would be initiated at secondary degree. Education service committee would be established Salary constructions of instructors would be based on making. Education card would be provided to destitute pupils ( Ghaffar, 2003 ) . The secondary degree input rate is 32 per centum which will be raised to 48 per centum. Harmonizing to Govt. of Pakistan ( 1998 ) , â€Å" Course of study at secondary phase will be based on two rules. First, at it will supply a compulsory nucleus of topics give every student the cognition utile for a underdeveloped society. Second, it will include extra topics and developing to fix the pupils of a definite calling. Curricula for secondary phase ( IX- XII ) shall be revised with a position to excite job resolution, independent thought and in the visible radiation of other aims outlined above. National Plan of Action 2001-2005 Technical instruction was offered in Matriculation as capable. Its chief intent was to fix pupils for the practical life. After finishing their secondary instruction, they could take the work. National Plan of Action [ NPA ] had mark to set up 1,100 proficient high schools in the state. The chief aims of NPA were to emphasis on instruction of adult females, to heighten engagement of society and to advance the quality instruction. Quality betterment and school effectivity had been given cardinal importance. The chief quality inputs were besides pointed out in the National Plan of Action 2001-2005. National Education Assessment System ( NEAS ) was introduced ( Govt. of Pakistan, 2003 ) . National Education Policy 2009 The reviewed procedure for the National Education Policy 1998-2010 was shaped in 2005 named â€Å" White Paper † . This White Paper became the footing of New Policy and finalized in March 2007.The secondary school system prepares immature people for life. Supplying accomplishments to the labour market and supplying input to the higher instruction are two of import functions of secondary instruction. Access at secondary schools in Pakistan is low in comparing to other states. Average ratio of secondary to primary school is 1: 6 in Pakistan, but in different parts of the state, it is 1:13 ( Govt. of Pakistan, 2009 ) . Following stairss will be taken for the betterment of secondary instruction in Pakistan: Provision shall be expanded specially in those locations where the ratio of Secondary schools is low. Student fiscal support shall be increased. Students shall present more student-centre teaching methods. Handiness of reding installations for the pupils. Life Skills-Based Education ( LSBE ) shall be promoted. How to cite The Formal Education System Of Pakistan Education Essay, Essay examples

Australia Today AFL

Question: Write about theAustralia Todayfor AFL. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the following paper is to make a precise filed report on a particular event that has been attended recently. The objective is here to identify and evaluate the significance of the match in the contemporary society and life. For the aforementioned purpose, the present paper has chosen the inaugural match of AFL or the Australian Rules Football (AFL) match. The AFL match, which is having the 121st season of the competition of the elite Australian Rules football has inaugurated with the much-awaited teams Richmond and Carlton on 23rd March, 2017 (theguardian.com 2017). In order to make the report profound and elaborative, the paper will immediately give a brief background about AFL to explain some of the chief details of the competition. Thereafter the report will concentrate on explaining and evaluating the experience of the viewer with the help of the observation and filed gathered in time of attending the match. Finally, the report will conclude by evaluating the signi ficance about the chosen AFL match in the contemporary society and life. Background Prior to document, the experience gathered in time of attending the inaugural match of Richmond vs. Carlton, it is necessary to note some of the chief facts related to the entire AFL series. The 2017 season of Australian Football League is considered to have its 121st season in the country of the elite class Australian Rules football competition (theguardian.com 2017). It is to note in this context that, similarly like the previous seasons of AFL, total 18 football teams are competing in the match. It has been scheduled that the season will inaugurate on Thursday, 23 March 2017 and will conclude with the Grand final on Saturday, 30 September 2017 (australia.gov.au 2017). However, it is to mention that unlike the previous matches, in the 2017 season, the authority of AFL has considered some significant changes. The first amendment that has been made to the fundamental laws of AFL 2017 season is only the ruckman, who has been nominated from each team can participate in the contest. It has been understood that the law eliminates the option of third man up strategy giving chance to any other player in the contest. The rule has been made considering the importance to make each contest easy to adjudicate as well as to decrease the risk of injuring ruckman (afl.com.au 2017). The second modification that has taken place in the law of AFL is the introduction of a more strict interpretation of intentional rushed behind, which would allow each of the umpires to give utmost priority to make distance from the goal line and the degree of applying pressure. On the other hand, in the premise of match review panel a more strict punch has been introduced, which would allow the imposition of suspension and fines for the jumper punches, which would have low influence (Hecimovich et al. 2016). However, it is required to mention here that the clubs, which are giving leadership to the 2017 AFL series, are found to be Brisbane Lions, Adelaide, Carlton, Essendon, Fremantle, Collingwood, Geelong, Greater Western Sydney, Gold Coast, Hawthron, Melbourne, North Melbourne, Richmond, Port Adelaide, St Kilda, Sydney, West Coast and Western Bulldogs. The contest, which has been attained on 23 March, has been between two traditional rivals Richmond and Carlton. The club Richmond while has come off an unfortunate and disappointing end as per their performance in the last season, club Carlton have gone through a huge turnover in the last off-season (Hrysomallis 2013). However, still the expectation of showing a heroic performance has been expected from clu b Richmond too. Event Visit It has been one of the most thrilling inaugural matches of the season as the audience encountered a triumphant win of the club Richmond who has been previously vindicated due to their aggressive recruiting style in the off-season. At the inaugural phase of the game, it has been anticipated that Carlton may win over Richmond as it has been expected that Carlton may have recovered their flaws from the year 2015 (afl.com.au 2017). However, it has been extremely exciting to experience the tiger like performance from the Tigers of Richmond. It can be said that the performance of the Richmond players roared the ground of MCG and has forced the minds of the audience to support them. From the starting moment, the Tigers of Richmond club showed dominant performance over the Blues though in the third quarter Carlton boys overpowered the Richmond players. Nevertheless, as the game proceeded further, it seemed that the preparation of Carlton boys failed in front of the power of the Tigers. The Richmond boys entirely nailed down the efforts of the Blues and finally won over them by 43 points (afl.com.au 2017). It can be said after watching the performance of the Blues that they not only lacked experience against the Richmond but also proved that after the tremendous deterioration in the year 2015, the Blues have not care much to recover their flaws. On the other hand, considering the performance of the Richmond and specifically the performance of Dustin Martin, it should be contemplated that the Tigers have made metaphorical representation of their name. Dustin Martins performance at MCG on 23 March can be interpreted as Martins revenge on Carlton. The games one of the best defenders found out to be Alex Rance who unfortunately got beaten by one of the Blue boys - Weitering who took seven marks with three goals (theguardian.com 2017). Henceforth, it is to mention also that Carlton boys have not been reluctant upon their performance though in front of Dustin Martin, Weiterings effort has been nothing in front of him. However, it is still a debatable fact that whether Carlton has been completely effortless or not. The Blues boys reassembled in a compact mode to cut the margin of 44 points to direct 25 points at the final phase though their efforts finally proved to be futile by the manipulative attitude of Dustin Martin. Significance of AFL Today In the distinct context, it is essential to remark that the Australian Rules football has a potential impact on the contemporary culture and life of the Australian society. Earlier, the considered football league has been considered for making impact on Australian literature, music, television and even on Australian art (Robertson et al. 2015). In the contemporary society of Australia, the impact of AFL can be seen particularly on the young generation and it should be contemplated that the AFL is responsible for shaping dreams of the majority of the young generation of Australia. It is a universally known fact that the society and people of Australia has a serious relationship with football and watching the matches on yearly basis has become a ritual for the society (Pitchford et al. 2017). In terms of professional football codes, one of the most loyal and most dedicated fans can be seen for the teams of AFL. AFL is also culturally referred as the Aussie rules because it is a proof t hat AFL dominates the minds of the youngsters of the contemporary generation (Hay 2014). The most significant point to consider in this respect is that, the level of popularity of AFL in the contemporary society is relatively high than the other professional leagues like ARU, NRL and FFA. It is because, the code of AFL is considered as a potential national part of national sport and AFL is even taught across the country (Pascoe and Papalia 2015). It should be also granted in this section that according to a huge number of Australians, no other aspect of the society has much more appeal than AFL. Moreover, according to most of the Australians, AFL is a ritual and not only a game league (Evans et al. 2015). AFL has not only captured the young minds, as the league is responsible for bringing audience from a varied age group, which is a potential reason for income of the stadium owners. Most significant contribution of AFL on the present society is, in recent few years, it has been for the effort of AFL, which has bravely stamped out racial, religious, gender and sexual discrimination, outburst and crowd spitting (abc.net.au 2017). On the other hand, it is also to mention that the league has single handedly contributed on the employment aspect of the country by employing more than ten thousand individuals across the nation. Conclusion From the above report, it can be deduced that on the inaugural match of AFL that has been organized on 23 March of 2017 has encountered the triumphant victory of the club Richmond against Carlton. According to the report, Weiterings performance is the proof of the fact that Carltons boys have showed their complete effort though in front of the power and preparation of the Richmond players, the effort became futile. According to the report above, Richmond players has won over Carlton by 43 points. The report has finally indicated the fact that the AFL holds a significant place in the minds of the Australians of the contemporary society. The report has mentioned that AFL is responsible for employing more than ten thousand employees across the country and has single-handedly decreased the volume of racial outburst and discrimination. References ABC News. 2017.Where would we be without AFL?. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-27/green---afl/4282868 [Accessed 2 May 2017]. afl.com.au. 2017.Carlton Vs Richmond - Match Centre - AFL.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.afl.com.au/match-centre/2017/1/carl-v-rich [Accessed 2 May 2017]. afl.com.au. 2017.Match preview: Carlton v Richmond - AFL.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.afl.com.au/news/2017-03-20/match-preview-carlton-v-richmond [Accessed 2 May 2017]. Australia.gov.au. 2017.Football in Australia | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/football-in-australia [Accessed 2 May 2017]. Evans, J.R., Wilson, R., Dalton, B. and Georgakis, S., 2015. Indigenous Participation in Australian Sport: The Perils of the PanaceaProposition.Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal,7(1), pp.53-77. Hay, R., 2014. Football in Australia before Codification, 18201860.The International Journal of the History of Sport,31(9), pp.1047-1061. Hecimovich, M., King, D. and Marais, I., 2016. Player and parent concussion knowledge and awareness in youth Australian Rules Football.The Sport Journal. Hrysomallis, C., 2013. Injury incidence, risk factors and prevention in Australian rules football.Sports medicine,43(5), pp.339-354. Jackson, R. 2017.Richmond defeat Carlton by 43 points in AFL season opener - as it happened. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2017/mar/23/carlton-v-richmond-afl-2017-season-opener-live [Accessed 2 May 2017]. Pascoe, R. and Papalia, G., 2015. Australian football as a construct of the frontier contact zone.Sporting Traditions,32(1), p.1. Pitchford, N.W., Robertson, S.J., Sargent, C., Cordy, J., Bishop, D.J. and Bartlett, J.D., 2017. Sleep Quality but Not Quantity Altered With a Change in Training Environment in Elite Australian Rules Football Players.International Journal of Sports Physiology Performance,12(1). Robertson, S., Woods, C. and Gastin, P., 2015. Predicting higher selection in elite junior Australian Rules football: The influence of physical performance and anthropometric attributes.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,18(5), pp.601-606.

A Critical Review of Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

A Critical Review of Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet Essay By general consensus the original and worlds greatest epic concerning love, Romeo and Juliet is presented here by Baz Luhrmann in a thoroughly modern and accessible format, whilst retaining the original plot and utilising some of the worlds best-known text. I must admit that, before I viewed this film, I approached it with a not insignificant amount of trepidation. I myself am not a great fan of the original tale, as I find it to have become predictable and unrealistic; a victim of its own success. I was pleasantly surprised to find, then, that Luhrmann has managed not only to keep mainly true to the plot, but has also made the film version exciting and impossible to stop watching.Luhrmanns film changes the setting of Shakespeares medieval, quaint town, Verona, to a typically troubled modern-day city, Verona Beach, replete with drugs, gangs, violent crime and corruption. This may sound like an unlikely setting for a tale of love, but actually turns out to be well able to accommodate the events of the plot, and, when coupled with Luhrmanns interpretations of the character, serves only to make the film convincingly believable.Capulet and Montague appear to be business-men, but all we know for certain is that they hold positions of power in the city, the head of each family operating from their own sizable sky-scraper emblazoned with the family name and glowering at the other over the tops of the other city buildings. The other family members in each of the feuding patriarchies run competing street gangs that frequently and publicly clash.In keeping with Shakespeares play, a modern-day news anchorwoman reads the original introductory sonnet. The film then opens with a clash between the two familial gangs that is split up by the chief officer of the cities constabulary; this police chief is Luhrmanns subtle recasting of the plays Prince. The rest of the film pretty much follows the original script of the play in Luhrmanns new setting. The party of the Capulets is, for example, held in the impressive mansion of the family, where Romeo and Juliet first meet and fall in love in the pool area.The pool scene is particularly notable for its clever juxtaposition of the original text with a tense, well-choreographed scene that portrays both the danger and passion of the pairs love. Later in the film, the scene of rage, where Capulet lashes out at his daughter, is superbly realised to display the psychotic nature of Capulet and vulnerability of Juliet in the face of her familys wishes.One notable exception from the film is one common in many modern interpretations of Romeo and Juliet: Juliets soliloquy. Juliets soliloquy in Act Three of the play is one of the major factors that show the audience her true character and establish in the mind of the reader her intelligence and loyalty. In leaving this part of the play out Luhrmann has diminished the real personality of Juliet for viewers, leaving those who have not read the play with the view that, to so me extent, Juliet is a weak character who just floats along in the current of the events occurring around her. The omission also reduces the impact of Juliets suicide, as her true strength of character may not have been communicated effectively to the casual viewer.However, in spite of its few shortcomings, the film is very successful in conveying the many dimensions of each of the characters personalities. The characters appear on screen as vibrant and real people, bringing to life Shakespeares carefully constructed plot in a way that anyone can access and appreciate. I walked away from this film with a greater respect and interest for the story of Romeo and Juliet as Luhrmann has not simply transferred the play from words to pictures, but fully realised the potential of this tale and brought to life his interpretation of it in a way that will appeal to the school-children of today and provide a way for them to really get into Romeo and Juliet, helping them to actually appreciate t he play, instead of having to pretend to do so in order to satisfy their examiner.

Evaluate Arlie Hoshschilds Social Therory of Human Emotions essays

Evaluate Arlie Hoshschild's Social Therory of Human Emotions essays Evaluate Arlie Hochschild ¡s social theory of human emotions. The study of emotion is relatively new to the sociological arena. Writers have, in the past touched on the subject in relation to their particular theories. Marx for example uses the concept of alienation as a key part to his meta-theory of society. However, it was not until recently, that a 'sociology of emotion ¡ had been studied as an isolated concept. The American writer and social theorist, Arlie Hochschild is seen as one of the key writers to address the social aspects of emotion in a more direct way than previous writers. Hochschild ¡s work raises a number of important points that go towards a social study of emotions. 'Emotion management ¡, 'feeling rules ¡ and 'emotional labour ¡ are just some of the concepts Hochschild has brought to the debate. This paper will attempt to provide a critique of Hochschild ¡s social theory of human emotions. Firstly, the paper will highlight the key concepts and ideas that Hochschild raises in her theory. The second part of the paper will draw on a number of key writers on the subject, in an attempt to bring to light the main problems in her work. These criticisms will be centred on the idea that Hochschild ¡s work is, over-simplistic and ahistorical. It will also attempt to show that 'emotion management ¡ is nothing new to human society that has always, to some degree, relied on the management of emotion. Many writers see Hochschild ¡s work as foundational to the development of a 'sociology of emotions ¡. Stemming from the writings of Goffman and other 'symbolic interactionists ¡, her work has managed to clarify many of the problems social theory has encountered when seeking a social, as opposed to psychological explanation for our emotions. There is also a Marxist element to her work, which rejuvenates his theory of Alienation, this time with reference to 'emotional ¡ labour. In her analysis of flight attendants she bel...

Corporate Responsibility and Governance Assignment - 1

Corporate Responsibility and Governance - Assignment Example There are multiple constituents included within stakeholder theory, apart from staying inclined towards just shareholders. Multiple stakeholders existing within business environment are employees, government, suppliers, customers, financial institutions, shareholders, competitors, trade unions, public interest groups, legal institutions, etc (La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, Shleifer and Vishny, 2000). Corporate governance structure of Nestle indicates giving equal importance to all stakeholders. The board of directors are responsible for handling all stakeholders and undertaking combined business strategy. Compensation principles of Nestle Group are taken into consideration by board of directors. Total compensation of executives and board members are thoroughly reviewed by shareholders. Stakeholder theory clearly demonstrates that all stakeholders would be given equal importance for obtaining stabilized firm position. Nestle has its business operations spread across the globe. The compan y handles its extended business base by giving importance to all stakeholders. Board Members are responsible for compensation plans but it is also thoroughly reviewed by other team members. Long term business purpose of the firm is retained by considering team interests and then implementing them into realistic plans. Good governance codes can be stated as a set of rules followed by top management in order to accomplish corporate objectives. These codes comprise of best mechanism which are related to other stakeholders as well as board of directors. Effective governance principles are established through governance codes. Governance codes do not possess any such legal binding but are necessary to influence board of directors so that they are able to control behaviour of top management. An appropriate regulatory framework is maintained by Nestle so as to guide overall operations of board of directors. These codes for

Optimum Class Size Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Optimum Class Size - Essay Example Outline This paper examines the effect of class proportions on introductory accounting pupil performance within the perspective of a dynamic learning setting. Class group actions were applied as an essential part of the education environment in both small and large divisions. This paper analyses the studies conducted by academics and argues for the thesis statement. An investigative look into the conclusions of academics and scholars reveals that thesis statement is in fact true and proven. Academic Evidence The subject of class size and its influence on student knowledge has been a time-honored debate across institutes and schooling levels (Siegel et al., 1959 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271; Simmons, 1959 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271; Shane, 1961 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271; Laughlin, 1976 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271; McConnell and Sosin, 1984: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271; Williams et al., 1985: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271). Analyses have been wide-ranging through disciplines. Simmons (1959: p309-15) detected a greater failure degree and lesser overall accomplishment for intermediate algebra learners in big class settings. However, Williams et al. (1985: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272), Siegel (1959: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272), and Laughlin (1976: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271) in studies through numerous disciplines, all resolved that class size does not affect pupil education. On the subject of accounting class proportions, Anderson (1964: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272) contended that, though tiny classes with outstanding teachers are best, large classes with exceptional teachers are better than small classes with less skilled teachers. A revision by Baldwin (1993: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271) concentrated on this very matter. It examined whether a reputable teacher with an exceptional standing as a lecturer could attain results in a bulk lecture segment that were equiv alent to or better than doctoral pupils could accomplish with smaller divisions. Baldwin determined that there was no noteworthy variance in apprentices’ performance. Likewise, Hill (1998: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p271) discovered no performance benefits for small classes. Certainly, when Hill reckoned for grade point average (GPA) and attending, the large fragment outdid the small division in both concluding examination marks and general course ranking. Literature Review The Baldwin (1993: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272) learning has limits that propose extra inquiries may add to the facts concerning class size in accounting studies. In his study, Baldwin disclosed that an prized teacher trained the large section whereas doctoral students trained the smaller classes and that this teacher observed some burden to do a decent job so as not to hurt an otherwise satisfactory teaching status. Baldwin’s goal was not to regulate variables other than strength prop ortions, but to match outcomes from Introductory Accounting communicated in a bulk-lecture design by an exceptional teacher to results achieved by doctoral student teachers in smaller divisions.

Managing High Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managing High Performance - Essay Example There is collective ownership of the work. On the other hand, autocratic system excessive control in the autocratic system creates resentment, absenteeism and increased turnover. Decentralized system is favorable to centralized system. Though certain decisions will have to remain at the main office, certain functions will be left with the smaller units. In the decentralized system, each of the units will have the power to make their own decisions as regards most matters. This will help in greater participation by the employees in the project work, and will foster faster decision making (Reddin, 1999). Self directed work teams are preferable to conventional teams (Wright, 2006). The self directed work teams are particularly important because it is the team- not the supervisor which assigns the work, the team completes the whole piece of work, are responsible for and have the authority to correct problems with work flow as they occur. In addition, the team also receives rewards and feedbacks at the team level. This reinforces hard

Reality Therapy: A Case Study

Reality Therapy: A Case Study Reality Therapy is a therapeutic approach that focuses on problem solving and making better choices in order to achieve specific goals. Reality Therapy was developed by Dr. William Glasser, and its primary intention is to focus on the here and now, rather than the past. Reality Therapy is intended to solve problems, rebuild connections and work towards a better future. The author of this paper chose to do an overview of Reality Therapy, and apply Reality Therapy to a case study. Throughout the textbook was no less than ten different types of therapy theories, and reality Therapy struck the author as a potentially effective way to treat clients experiencing various issues that prompt him/her to seek counseling. The case study involves a man named Chad. Chad is a middle aged man with two children at home. Chad has a difficult time in his relationship with his wife and children. Chad also has difficulty communicating and relating to members of his immediate family. Reality therapists believe the underlying problem of most clients is the same: they are either involved in a present unsatisfying relationship or lack what could even be called a relationship (Corey, 2009, 2013, p335). Reality Therapy is tied very closely with Choice Therapy (both from William Glasser) and while Choice Therapy explains why and how we function, Reality Therapy provides a delivery system for helping individuals take more effective control of their lives (Corey, G. (2009,2013, p336). The textbook states, Contemporary Reality Therapy focuses quickly on the unsatisfying relationship or the lack of the relationship, which is often the cause for clients problems (Corey, 2009, 2013 p338). William Glasser is the leading contributor to Reality Therapy. Educated initially as a chemical engineer, Glasser became interested in Psychology and ultimately Psychiatry. Glasser was certified in Psychiatry in 1961, following his studies at the Veterans Administration and UCLA in Los Angeles. Glasser maintained a private practice from 1957-1986 (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 334). Glasser was influenced by a fellow Psychiatrist and mentor named G.L. Harrington. Harrington believed in getting his patients involved in projects in the real world, and by the end of his residency, Glasser began to put together ideas that would later be known as Reality Therapy (Corey, 2009, 2013, p334). The following are some of the key terms and key concepts of Reality Therapy: View of Human Nature Choice Therapy posits that we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally motivated by forces in the world around us. Rather we are born with five genetically encoded needs that drive us all our lives: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom and fun (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 336). Choice Therapy Explanation of Behavior Glasser did not like the terms depress, having a headache, being upset or angry. He preferred to think of it as rather than being depressed, we are depressing, we are upsetting, etc (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 337). Characteristics of Reality Therapy Reality Therapy generally attempts to bring the focus immediately to unsatisfying relationships or the lack thereof. This is the reason for many who seek out professional counseling. Therapists engaged in Reality Therapy typically do not listen very long to complaining, blaming and/or criticizing. Therapists believe these are the most ineffective models of behavior. Here are some of the underlying characteristics of Reality Therapy: Emphasize Choice and Responsibility, Reject Transference, Keep the Therapy in the Present, Avoid focusing on Symptoms, and Challenge Traditional Views of Mental Illness (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 338-340). Chad scheduled an appointment for counseling and came to the first session with some issues he is having with his relationship with his wife. The two of them have not been communicating very effectively lately, and this has caused some difficulties within his relationship. His complaints are that his wife just does not understand him like she once did. She does not meet his emotional needs, she is no longer engaging in topics of his interest, and although they continue to live in the same home together, he is growing into a feeling of detachment with his wife. As a therapist utilizing Reality Therapy in our sessions, I would want to help Chad recognize that focusing on his past will not benefit him in his future hopes of a satisfying relationship with his wife. I would want him to understand that he can take control of his feelings and his behavior that will ultimately help him in both his present and future relationship with his spouse. I would also want Chad to see that rather than expressing his feelings as being depressed, it would be better for him to say his feelings were depressing. In our session the first thing I would want to build would be a relationship with Chad. I would want to assure him that I am not there to hurt him, but to help him. I would want Chad to feel comfortable in sharing some things with me as his counselor. Building a relationship with him would be vital to further sessions as we work together on improving his perception of his relationship. I would then seek to implement procedures that would help Chad begin to change his behavior. The author of the textbook made the following interesting observation: The art of counseling is to weave these components together in ways that lead clients to evaluate their lives and decide to move in more effective directions (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 342). The counseling experience begins with an exploration into the clients needs, wants and/or perceptions. I would want Chad to explore ways in which he feels he could change. He may consider looking at ways in which he can alter his behavior. I would want Chad to see that if his behavior is not getting him what he wants, I would help him see that only he can change his behavior (Corey, 2009, 2013). I would ask Chad to explain what he is doing when he feels this detachment from his wife. What are his actions when he feels that he is having trouble communicating with his wife? If Chad is distracted by someone else; another woman perhaps, I would want Chad to determine if she may be the cause of his feelings of detachment. If Chad is ignoring his wifes communication and not paying attention to her emotional needs, I would ask him to determine if he can think of ways in which he could give her the attention she needs. I may encourage Chad to suggest to his wife that they spend the first 30 minutes after they both get in from work and just express to one another how their day was, any important information that needs to be exchanged between the two of them, what they need from each other in the present, and any future needs they may have. I would foresee Chad taking the initiative with his wife to ensure that their relationship is strong. If Chad is noticing a difference in their relationship, I am certain she notices it also. By him taking the first steps to change hi behavior, may cause her to be receptive to the changes as well. Chads recognition of the opportunity that rests within himself to change his circumstances may be empowering to him, and therefore serve as motivation to change his current relationship into one that is more productive and satisfying to him. I see Reality Therapy fitting well with my worldview. While I have a worldview that places God at the top and in control of all things, I also see mans responsibility for the choices he makes in his own life. Reality Therapy allows the client to focus on the deliberate choices they have made in life, and it also gives them an opportunity to focus on the results those choices have brought. Proverbs 23:7 states, For as he thinketh in his heart, so is heà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (BibleGateway.com, 2013). I believe God allows man to make choices in his own life, and sometimes those choices carry consequences. As stated before, the counselor must articulate the correct way for the client to (1) see his behavior as it really is, and (2) be willing to take ownership of it and change the behavior. I would want Chad to understand that God is for him and his happiness in life. I would want Chad to see verses in Scripture that support that statement. Verses like Romans 8:31 when Paul said, If God be for us, who can be against us? (BibleGateway.com, 2013). When Chad expresses his doubt of whether or not his wife loves him, and when he expresses his doubts of whether or not he loves himself, and when he even questions whether or not God has given up on him, I would also want him to see a passage found in Romans 8:38-39. Paul states, For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord (BibleGateway.com, 2013). I would want to integrate Scripture and the promises of God into the use of Reality Therapy, and I personally think they blend well together with the potential for p ositive results in Chads life. In conclusion, the author of this paper chose to write of Reality Therapy because he likes the approach the counselor takes with the client. He also favors the approach the client takes in accepting responsibility for his/her own actions. Possibly the what the author likes most about Reality Therapy is the fact that it encourages the client to not simply look to the counselor for answers to fix his/her problem; it encourages the client to work with the counselor to develop a plan to change what has brought him/her to counseling to begin with. Future of Crime Trends: White Collar Crimes Future of Crime Trends: White Collar Crimes It is hard to think about the future of crime trends because current conditions can change rapidly as some criminologist believe that crime rates may eventually rise as the number of teens in the population increases only some of criminologist believe this. I think the age structure of society is one of the most important determinants of crime rates but the economy, technological change and social factors will play an important role in crime rate in the UK. If unemployment continues to increase which will be and more attention will be paid to white collar crime and fraud as a result of the massive business failures in the banking, security and housing industries in recent years. The race and crime conundrum may become less important as crime and victimization. When the economy turns down people who are unemployed will become more motivated to commit theft crimes and that a good economy will reduce the number of crime. The good positive way is a poor economy actually will help lower crime rates because unemployed parents are at home to supervise their children and guard their possessions. Because there is less to spend I think age in crime will effect crime rate in future because teenagers have extremely high crime rates kids who commit a lot of crime early in childhood are also likely to continue to commit crime in their adulthood. CCTV does work and works best when it is used alongside wider strategy of partnership working between the police and councils and local communities to tackle crime in their neighbourhood area. When it comes to the crime prevention the CCTV is the most effective in reducing crime for example in car parks is most effective when targeted at vehicle crimes and it is more effective in reducing crime in the UK than in other countries. The CCTV can increase the public confidence and the public will likely to support Criminal Justice System for example in reporting crime and act as a witness. Also in recent terrorist investigations including 7/7 London bombing and 21/7 and the conviction of Steve Wright for Ipswich murder that CCTV has played a important role in detecting crime and protecting the public when needed. The new crime threat will be cybercrime if things go as they are. This would be any crime that involves an information system and includes ID theft. As technology advances people are going to be more brazen to commit cybercrimes from home Transnational crime organisation will continue to grow in diversity in many regions in the world. Developed countries like England and America will bore affected by TCSs than in the past During the early nineteenth century there was not any race and crime issue. This was not due to lack prejudice or indeed a lack of crime. It was because there were relatively few immigrants living in the UK. Black and lower class populations have the highest rates of street and index crime involvement in the UK. ( ) and Sociological theories argue that the location and experiences in the social environment are responsible for these differences in crime involvement ( ). In an early contribution to the sociology of knowledge DeGre (1995) observed that all science including those disciplines not involved in the study of human society are part of the tertiary institutions of a culture being influenced by the larger constellation of stresses and strains, cultural values, technological accomplishments and needs and overall definitions of life goals that characterize the social group society and world situation in which they are operative. No one comes into the world with criminality in the way in which one is born with a certain colour of eyes and crimes committed by immigrants are more frequently prosecuted than those committed by white people because immigrants are less likely to defend themselves legally and they are less often in a position to secure a good lawyer and they are more promptly sentenced to prison and in the court stages they are likely to plead guilty to drop their sentence to a lower level this is because they are come from a different culture different belief and different laws that they faced in their own countries and there always a language barrier Recent studies have found that black and mixed race 16 to 24 years olds have lower levels of trust in the police and the courts compared to older people. Young black peoples confidence in the criminal justice system is actually low. This emphasis on the police reflects greater contact with police in comparison to other Criminal Justice System agencies and subsequently people are more likely to hold some view about them and also black people have a higher relative risk of being stopped and searched than white people in England and Wales(Jack 1998) studies shown that the stop and searches of black people can be influenced by age for example where the black population in a area is younger than the white population and stop and search powers were predominately used on those people under the age of 25 and also the Stephen Lawrence inquiry report highlighted the problem of disproportionality and indicated the discrimination was a major problem and also this research has actually pointed to racial stereotyping by the police and black people are likely to get stop and search than white people. In Stephen Lawrence case was 18 black students were hoping to become an architect and was fatally stabbed while waiting for the bus that was a racial attack but police investigation failed to bring the killers into justice this had a big influence on black community. There is a media effect on race and ethnicity from TV news and from movies people are getting the wrong ideas on immigrants and religion. Media plays important role here in my opinion media shows the criminal act and report them to the public in a negative way rather than report them in a positive way. Because it is a personal interest of media personnel. One more importing thing as well as this if the media giving the news related to crime with fascination in this case the crime ratio of that specific crime will increase for example if in newspapers the news about terrorism is reported so frequently then in this situation the ratio of stop and search will increase according to the British Crime Survey BCS a number of stop and search has actually gone up after the 7/7 London bombing. It seems obvious that power inequality affects the quality of poples lives. The rich and poerfull live better than the poor and powerless. Power inequality affects the type of deviant activities likely to be engaged in. the powerful are more liley to perpetrate profitable crimes such as corporate crime while the powerless people are more likely to commit unprofitable crimes such as homicide and assault and power can also be an importance cause of deviance. For example more likely for bank executives to cheat customers quietly than for jobless persons to rob banks violently. Crime committed by respectable people of high social status in the course of their work and this is called white collar crime (Sutherland, 1961), white collar crime occurs at several levels. Embezzlement for example it is committed by employees against companies and companies also commit white collar crime too when they engage in pricing fixing, sell defective products, evade taxes pr pollute the environment. When companies are the perpetrators white collar crime is often referred to as corporate crime and sometimes corporate crime is more closely parallels organized crime than it does anythink else. For example accountants ,auditors, and executives working for Enron corporation worked together to hide the companys debts exaggerate its profits and pull in money from investors whom they tricked into buying their stock for much more than it was worth (Eichenwald, 2005) White collar crime brings heavy costs to society most scholars and law enforcement officials believe that the money loss due to corporate crime dwarfs that lost through street crime (Hegan) in addition to the economic cost there are social costs as well white collar crime can cost lives when tainted medicines or dangerous cars are sold , safety precautions are flouted on factory lines or toxic chemicals are dumped by manufacturers into rivers and streams the cost of white collar crime go beyond the actual money involved in the crime itself. The reaons for white collar crime are similar to those for street crimes. People want more than they can legitimately get think the benefits of a crime outrun it is potential costs (Shower Wright, 200) In these days the magnitude of white collar crime in our society challenges the popular image of crime as a lower class phenomenon. Instead this appears that people of different status simly haqve different opportunities to commit crime. Those people in lower status are hardly in the position to engage in price fixing, stock manipulation and tax evation.   White collar crimes are far less likely to be offcialy investigated and prosecuted than converntional crimes. In the simplest term what occurs in the streets is more visible and more easily inveatigated than what occurs in the suite. Its hard to detect and it realy can be hard to notice if crime has accurred e.g fraud, tax fraud and shop theft there are also few good reasond that why business in UK and other companies dont want to talk about white-collar crime its because the firms may not want to admit that they have been victim of theft and this can effect on their own business they may also not want to admit that their staff committed a crime. Since crimes were attempts to gain personal advantage by force or fraud they could obviously be committed by the rich and powerful they could certainly involve force or fraud and they could clearly be committed without punishment by the state. Some doctors commit murder and doctors sometimes cheat on medicare and lawyers have been known to misuse funs entrusted to them by their clients: business executives sometimes angage in bid rigging : labor union executives sometimes embezzle funds from pension plans and also manufacturers sometimes dispose of toxic chemicals in wyas contrary to law. Other criminal activities that are often missed by official and many sociological measurements of crime are those conducted by the powerful in society (Pearce, 1976) crimes of the powerful is largely those commited by rulling groups and governments, corporate crime is that crimes commited not so much by individuals but rather by boards for example chair persons and including the breaking of the Health and Safety Work Act and white collar crime that crimes committed by professional people such as tax evasion, business fraudand insider trading. White collar drimesis difficult to estimate the extent and influence of whitecollar crime on victims because all too often those who suffer the consequences of white collar crime are ignored by victimologists. Wide differences in cultural heritage and value system have a direct impact on rates of crime and it is obvious that there are many cultural differences between the America and Japan that doesnt mean that Japanese approaches to crime prevention cannot work in America. In Japan the societys emphasis on apologies and resolving disputes outside the police and the court this can effect on reporting crime and this leads to crime stay on low level in Japan. When we pick the robbery case is the most fearful street crime in America is much higher than Japan for example in 2002 America recorded 182 and for each robbery in Tokyo New York had 462. Robbery rates for England, Germany and France do not approach those in America but resident of those countries are still twenty to thirty times more likely to be held up than people living in Japan. Even when we think about South Korea have same similarity with geographically and culturally with Japans and closest neighbour and has robbery rates 6.5 times than Japan ( ) culture plays important role in to control crime and prevent crime. There is also a lack of confidence in America and people likely to act as witness and they likely to report crime. While some people can effectively cope with strain some certain people have traits that may make them particularly sensitive to strain. These include an explosive temperament being overly sensitive or emotional low tolerance for adversity and poor problem solving skills. Aggressive people who have these traits are likely to have poor interpersonal skills and more likely to be treated negatively by others and their combative personalities make them feared and disliked. These people are likely to live in families whose caretakers share similar personality traits. They are also more likely to reject conventional peers and join deviant groups. In summer 2004 a dramatic murder trial took place in New York City that aptly illustrates how lower class cultural concerns the code of the streets clash with the rules and values of American culture and how deviant cultures can exist side by side with middle class culture. According to Messner and Rosenfeld the relatively high U.S. crime rates can be explained by the interrelationship between culture and institutions. The dominance of the American Dream mythology ensures that many people will develop wishes and desires for material goods that cannot be satisfied by legitimate means that people are willing to do anything to get ahead from cheating on tests to get higher grades to engaging in corporate fraud and tax evasion and those people who cannot succeed become willing to risk everything including a prison sentence. American dream have a different effect on people depending on their place in the social structure. The studies shows that the American dream had a greater effect on whites than African Americans the reason is that whites may have greater expectations of material success than African Americans whose aspirations have been tempered by a long history of racial and economic deprivation. When whites experience strain they are more apt to react with anger and antisocial behaviour. At the institutional level the dominance of economic concerns weakens the informal social control exerted by the family, church and school. In my opinion these institutions have lost their ability to regulate behaviour and they have instead become a conduit for promoting material success. Parents pushing their kids to succeed at any cost and schools encourage the kids to get in to the best colleges by any means possible as well as religious institutions promote their wealth and power because religion lets you down all the time when you are keen on it too much.

Lady Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

Discuss whether or not you feel sympathy for Lady Macbeth There are certain aspects of Lady Macbeth’s character that suggests she is good and therefore her downfall increases my sympathy for her by the end of act 5. But I would also argue that she entailed evil to fuel her sleeping ambition that would make her nemesis, her mental collapse, fully justified. Lady Macbeth’s role as a supporting wife at the start of the play exceeds the duties of a ‘normal’ wife. She is the ‘Eve’ to Macbeth’s ‘Adam’ and is tempted. Although Macbeth hints at the idea of taking the crown in his letter home, it is Lady Macbeth’s ruthless determination to make him king that persuaded him to murder Duncan. Did she do this in the interests of Macbeth or was it to fulfil her own ambition? I would argue that it was to fulfil her own ambition because she decided straight away that murder was the best option to take without any regard to guilt, in this view I have no sympathy for Lady Macbeth because it is a sign of her inner evilness. To commit the murder of King Duncan Lady Macbeth calls upon â€Å"†¦the spirits that tend on mortal thoughts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . She evokes evil to commit the deed and loses her identity; I would then argue that if she has lost her identity then she has lost her soul and that, in my opinion, makes her a monster. This is illustrated by her willingness to â€Å"†¦dash the brains out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  of her baby, if she had one. The loss of her feminine qualities exemplifies her knowledge of the consequences of kill...